62 points
Japanese grammar points
6 points
JLPT N5 grammar points
inviting, offering, and deciding together
は vs がwa · gafive tests that decide it, not one useless line
着る vs 履く vs かぶるkiru · haku · kaburuone English verb, and the body part that picks the Japanese one
に vs でni · dewhere it is, versus where it happens
ある vs いるaru · irunot animate vs inanimate — a taxi takes ある
熱い vs 暑い vs 厚いatsui · atsui · atsuithree kanji, one reading — use the antonym
23 points
JLPT N4 grammar points
to come to do · to become able to
ことにする vs ことになるkoto ni suru · koto ni naruyour decision vs one that landed on you
ように vs ためにyō ni · tame niso that vs in order to
だけ vs ばかり vs しかdake · bakari · shikathree ways to say only
そうだ・らしい・ようだ・みたいthe four hedgeslooks like · apparently · it seems
と・ば・たら・ならto · ba · tara · narawhich “if” goes where
〜ておく vs 〜てしまうte oku · te shimauready for later vs done and dusted
〜たばかり vs 〜たところta bakari · ta tokorohow you feel about it vs where the clock is
ないで vs なくて vs ずにnaide · nakute · zu nithree negative て-forms, one of them a cause
から vs のでkara · nodeyour reasoning, or simply the situation
前に vs てから vs あとでmae ni · te kara · ato debefore, after, and the one that says the first act had to finish
たことがある vs ことがあるta koto ga aru · koto ga aruone た between an experience you have had and something that happens sometimes
思う vs 考えるomou · kangaeruholding a view, and doing the work of reaching one
がる vs たがるgaru · tagaruwhy 彼は寒い is blocked, and what to say instead
借りる vs 貸す vs 返すkariru · kasu · kaesuborrow, lend, give back — and the particle that changes with the direction
あげる vs くれる vs もらうageru · kureru · morauwhich way the favour is travelling
自動詞 vs 他動詞jidōshi · tadōshi開く vs 開ける, and who gets blamed
ている vs てあるte iru · te arua state, and a state somebody left
られる — 受身 vs 可能 vs 尊敬ukemi · kanō · sonkeione ending doing three unrelated jobs
てもいい vs なければならないte mo ii · nakereba naranaipermission and obligation as one grid
つもり vs 予定 vs ようと思うtsumori · yotei · yō to omouresolve, schedule, and deciding just now
の vs ことno · kotowhich nominaliser, and when it's forced
知る vs 分かるshiru · wakarutwo verbs English calls know
14 points
JLPT N3 grammar points
a sneer vs a plain contrast
わけがない vs わけではない vs はずがないwake ga nai · hazu ga naithere's no way vs that's not to say
とおり(に) vs ままtoori ni · mamacopying a manner vs freezing a state
わりに vs にしてはwari ni · ni shite waweighing a degree vs weighing a label
につれて vs にしたがって vs とともにni tsurete · to tomo nithree ways to say "as X happens, Y follows"
せいで vs おかげで vs ためにsei de · okage de · tame niblame, credit, and a neutral cause
がち vs っぽい vs 気味gachi · ppoi · gimia tendency, a trait, and a touch of something
やすい vs にくい vs づらいyasui · nikui · zuraieasy and hard to do — and the one that needs a person suffering
〜っけkkethe particle for something you knew and cannot retrieve
間 vs 間に vs うちにaida · aida ni · uchi nithe whole stretch, a point inside it, or a window about to close
において vs にとって vs に対してni oite · ni totte · ni taishitethe setting, the viewpoint, and the target
尊敬語 vs 謙譲語 vs 丁寧語sonkeigo · kenjōgo · teineigoone question decides which keigo you need
はず vs べきhazu · bekitwo things English calls “should”
見える vs 見られるmieru · mirareruin view by itself, or a chance you got
11 points
JLPT N2 grammar points
three ways to say "as soon as"
〜かねる vs 〜かねないkaneru · kanenaicannot bring myself to vs might well
ざるを得ない・しかない・ないわけにはいかないno choice but toforced, left over, or owed
ものの vs にもかかわらず vs ながらもmono no · ni mo kakawarazuthree formal ways to say although
だけに vs だけあって vs だけのことはあるdake ni · dake atteas expected of, all the more because
からには vs 以上は vs 上はkara ni wa · ijō wa · ue waresolve, logic, and formality
によって vs に応じて vs 次第でni yotte · ni ōjite · shidai deit varies, it's tuned, or it hangs on one thing
ところに vs ところへ vs ところをtokoro ni · tokoro e · tokoro woone kana apart, and を is a different pattern
っこない vs ものかkkonai · mono kano chance of it happening, against flat refusal
つつ vs つつある vs ながらtsutsu · tsutsu aru · nagaratwo are register twins; つつある is a change mid-flight
きり vs たきり vs っきりkiri · ta kiri · kkirione suffix from 切る — only that, and nothing since
8 points
JLPT N1 grammar points
an urge, a lasting wish, and composure failing
だらけ vs まみれ vs ずくめdarake · mamire · zukumescattered, smeared, or nothing but
なり vs が早いか vs そばからnari · ga hayai ka · soba karathe tier above とたん — and one of them repeats
んばかり vs ばかりに vs とばかりにn bakari · bakari ni · to bakari nithree unrelated patterns, one spelling
すら vs さえ vs だにsura · sae · danithree “even”, split by register
がてら vs かたがた vs かたわらgatera · katagata · katawaraone trip, one visit, or one second career
なくして vs なしに vs ぬきでnakushite · nashi ni · nuki dea precondition, a skipped step, a removed ingredient
べからず vs まじき vs てはならないbekarazu · majiki · te wa naranaia sign, a judgement, and an ordinary rule
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